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A blank test without the porous ceramics resulted in a less effective cleaning rate of 95.1% (BOD) and 80.9% (COD).
A high level of the cleaning rate is observed despite the reduction of the magnitude of the mean velocity.
Although thin and homogeneous crusts could be removed without yellow discoloration their cleaning rate was rather slow and inefficient, especially on areas with micro-relief.
Within the framework of a European project, three cleaning laser devices are tested to evaluate the influence of different parameters on stone cleaning rate and efficiency.
The results show that the tilt angle has a major impact on the film thickness, wall shear stress and the mean cleaning rate.
In this case, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) decreased from 740 800 to 2.6 mg L−1 with a cleaning rate of 99.0 99.7%, and COD (chemical oxygen demand) from 250 270 to 7.5 10 mg L−1 with a cleaning rate of 96 99% in one or 2 weeks (Nishida 2010).
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Sampling response, attrition, and cleaning rates have been published previously (see Table 2 in Manack et al. 2015) [8].
An unpaired t-test confirmed that tanks with the cleaning device showed a significant (P < 0.0005) improvement in cleaning rates than tanks without.
We present comparative studies for the optimised cleaning rates which are based on C4F8/O2 and NF3 diluted with He, Ar and N2 in comparison to SF6/O2.
In the case of CO2/C4F8O, silicon nitride cleaning rates were lower, the DRE was lower and MMTCEs were higher than those of O2/C4F8O.
These cleaning rates were comparable to those determined from the experiments using "white corals" which are used for water purification in the fish tank or fish reserve; i.e., 99.6% from the measurement of BOD and 97.8% from COD.
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