In addition to adoption of cleaner production technologies, a two-stage nanofiltration (TSNF) approach was designed and experimentally tested in this study to reclaim diosgenin wastewater.
The main areas of focus for R&D in environmental science and engineering are related to water and wastewater technologies, waste management and minimization, air pollution and air quality management, and cleaner production technologies.
However, Demirel and Kesidou's study [45] found that whilst regulation is effective in stimulating end-of-pipe solutions to eco-innovations (so-called 'quick-fixes' to environmental emissions, for example) and environmental R&D, internal drivers, such as efficiency, were more responsible for increased investment in cleaner production technologies through equipment upgrades.
It was built on the results from three previous cleaner production and technology programmes funded by the Danish government in the mid 1980s and early 1990s.
Environmental consciousness and energy prices are both leading to revolutionary calls for energy alternatives, and cleaner power production technologies, and further to the efficient use of sources (e.g. coal, natural gas).
The prevention could be reached by a change of production technologies to cleaner production.
Gradual adoption of improved technology and cleaner production options could reduce wastewater volume by around 23% by 2021.
Improving conventional technology, adopting cleaner production (CP) options, the reusing and recycling of treated water may reduce water consumption, effluent volume and water stresses, and may help preserving aquatic ecosystems.
This "green cycle" bioprocess will be useful to promote the old-fashioned waste treatment technologies for the cleaner production in food processing industries.
