Coaxing states in the direction of success, so that relatively clean institutions drive out the dirtiest ones, may be the most realistic goal.
That is a big disadvantage if you are trying to build strong, clean, independent institutions.
The Balts aside, no ex-Soviet country has managed to build strong, clean state institutions, nor find honest and competent managers to revamp industry.
One retired general who served under Kayani said Sharif was determined to clean up an institution he believed should be focused on defending the country and not building luxury housing.
For New Yorkers who voted to impose term limits on the City Council, the promise was to sweep clean a moldering institution and fill it with "citizen legislators" who would bring energy and fresh ideas from the private sector, where they would return after their eight-year allotments.
Claiming that the "Gülen group" had ruined the armed forces, he vowed to "clean all state institutions of the virus".
Regulators worldwide have demanded that banks and other financial institutions clean up their balance sheets, but the firms still have a long way to go.
In an apparent criticism of European stress tests for banks that gave some institutions clean bills of health in spite of market concerns, the I.M.F. also called for stricter oversight.
The committee has 85 members representing Chinese financial institutions, clean energy companies, private equity companies and sovereign funds.
