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D, L, J, and K are the numbers of feature dimensions, frames, clean exemplars, and noise exemplars, respectively.
In NMF-based VC, noise exemplars are extracted from before- and after-utterance sections and input noisy signals are decomposed into a linear combination of noise and speaker's clean exemplars.
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While this $200m-plus (£130m-plus) operation serves as a "clean tech" exemplar, the Carbon Trust worries that many businesses are dangerously complacent.
However, an experiment in which we decoded the clean speech with exemplars consisting of nine subsequent 10-ms frames did not yield accuracies better than what we had obtained with single-frame features.
We sparsely represent spectrographic representations of speech in an overcomplete basis of exemplar (clean) speech signals using only the reliable speech features.
I read this crisp, clean, unemotional, neutral exemplar of precision journalism on a stalled train, and it still made me rock back on my heels and feel like I was falling.
(Even the Bradys, those exemplars of clean living, apparently kept it handy: in the pilot for "The Brady Bunch," in 1969, Carol tells Mike to take a tranquillizer to counteract prenuptial jitters. "I took one," he says, and she responds, "Maybe you should take another one".
For clean speech, the optimal exemplar length was around ten frames and the performance dropped for longer exemplars; at SNR =−5 dB, increasing exemplar length kept improving the recognition performance and the optimal length found was the longest that was tried (i.e. 30).
Sarkeesian, the second target, is "an exemplar of clean journalism", taking money from reader donations, not industry advertising, to critically examine games from an independent perspective.
Handling clean speech requires the construction of an exemplar dictionary that contains stretches of speech signals of the same length as the (overlapping) stretches that must be coded.
To construct the speech exemplar dictionary, we first encoded the clean train set of AURORA-2 with the modulation spectrum analysis system, using a frame rate of 400 Hz.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com