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It also suggests that selection on claw force or cuticle resistance varies across the Uca clade.
Most variables scale isometrically with body size across species but claw force production scales allometrically with body size.
For instance, U. terpsichores has an above average claw force and an above average mass specific claw area [ 10].
However, even when the effect of size is removed we found variation of more than two-fold in claw force potential across species.
The only exception is claw force production, which may suggest that this trait is under intense sexual selection across the clade.
When claw force and claw resistance values are adjusted for size (residuals of the OLS regression of ln transformed values on ln body mass) there is a positive correlation (r=0.615, d.f.=19, p<0.05).
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"Male performance traits, such as claw strength and pull-resisting force, are really the key to success in male combat, so much so that the males will pretend to be good performers even if they are not," says lead author Simon Lailvaux, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.
The pain must have been unbearable, and he permanently lost the use of his pinkie and his ring finger, except as a stiff claw to force around the fretboard.
The form of combat varies in detail across species, but usually includes a sequence of ritualized behaviors, culminating in males interlocking and forcefully gripping their major claws, so that tubercles on the dactyl or polex of the claws apply force to the manus of the other crab [ 8, 10].
We find that the mechanics that produce claw closing forces, the sizes of claws and the mechanical strength of the cuticle of claws are all highly variable across the genus.
"The point of bodies like the development corporation is to do the things the market can't or won't, and Daniel is the sort of politician who thinks red-in-tooth-and-claw market forces will take care of everything".
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