Like DeRose (2005), Ludlow casts EC as a piece of 'ordinary language' philosophy, and in that spirit he presents the results of Google searches in which clauses like, "…by objective standards", "…by academic standards", "…with some certainty", "…doggone well…", and so on, accompany uses of 'know(s)'.
But amazingly, Johnson's own German usage manual recommends zombie noun phrases ("upon entry into the garage") over relative clauses like "those who enter the garage", saying that this represents more authentic formal German.
If the sentence has an introductory clause (like this one), we separate it with a comma.
"Everyone who has a clause like this had better look at it very carefully," Mitu Gulati, a law professor at Duke, said.
Q: So, if any members of NHS staff is covered by a gagging clause like this, they should write to you to object?
The verbs in relative clauses like these should be plural.
Some people think that "which" can be used interchangeably to open "restrictive" relative clauses, like "The rules which I learned in school are inviolable".
And the sunset clauses, like those in the 2001 tax cut, are clearly a mere gimmick: as soon as a tax cut becomes law, the administration will begin demanding that the whole thing be made permanent.
With Field, we might propose to supplement clauses like these with an account of reference and satisfaction.
Conditioning clauses like these are regarded as idioms that mean in my opinion in English (Chang 2017: 32017
