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We classified causes of death into five groups, based on death certificate information: Alcohol or drug abuse-related; HIV (excluding those related to substance abuse); Natural causes (excluding those related to HIV or substance abuse); Unnatural causes (including deaths due to accidents, suicide, or homicide and excluding deaths related to substance abuse); Unknown causes.
For the purpose of this analysis, we classified causes of death as cardiovascular, infection-related, malignant, and other mortality.
Four of sixteen had been classified causes of death due to lethal congenital malformation and two immaturities.
Two experienced physicians who were blinded to any data of the study probands, except for the information from death certificates, independently classified causes of death.
We classified causes of maternal death according to ICD-10 for the years 1996-2009, ICD-9 for 1986-95, and ICD-8 for 1969-85).
25 26 We classified causes of death according to the international classification of disease 8th or 10th revision (ICD-8 or ICD-10).
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We classified cause of death using ICD-10.
We classified cause of death by three main groups: Group I – communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions; Group II – NCDs; and Group III – injuries, according to the Global Burden of Disease classification (40).
The Outcome Committee, consisting of study investigators, uses a blinded review system to classify causes of death and hospitalizations related to the major secondary outcomes.
Farr's classification system provided the foundation for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a tool used to classify causes of death and injury.
However, since the NTDB uses ICD-9 to classify causes of injuries, bicycling can be retained as separate injury mechanism.
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