A very wide discretion must be conceded to the legislative power of the state in the classification of trades, callings, businesses, or occupations which may be subjected to special forms of regulation or taxation through an excise or license tax.
These results illustrate that the classification of glass trade beads on morphological parameters only can be inconclusive, especially in sites with a long settlement record and a complex stratigraphy.
One gets the sense of Bowden as a fiercely independent writer, saying exactly what he believes and ignoring the conventional classifications of the nonfiction trade.
The question is at last one of classification of subjects, trades, or pursuits, for the purpose of taxation, and concerns the power of the states to exercise discretion in the methods, subjects, and rates of taxation.
An advantage of the German data over most US data is that all trades are identified as either buyer- or seller-initiated, thus avoiding errors from the use of trade classification algorithms.
The analysis of machinery production networks was based on the classification of the machinery trade in parts and components and final products.9 The data used was collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database UN Comtradee), classified according to the HS disaggregated to the six-digit level.
Source: Darvas (2012) Independent variables: ln structure-adjusted trade intensity (estimated with data from WDI and PWT), ln trade volume (Source: WDI), ln import penetration ratio (Imports as % of GDP) (Source: WDI), ln trade balance (Source: WDI), ln terms of trade (Source: WDI), ln labor productivity (Source: PWT), pegged exchange rate (Source: Shambaugh exchange rate regime classification).
Source: Darvas (2012) Independent variables: ln trade volume (Source: WDI), ln trade balance (Source: WDI), ln terms of trade (Source: PWT), ln total factor productivity (Source: PWT), pegged exchange rate (Source: Shambaugh exchange rate regime classification).
Removal of trade barriers.
With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification.
