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For TCS, self reported urban classification of residence has been shown to be associated with many aspects of urban living such as higher income, possession of cars and modern household appliances [ 32].
Moreover, our dataset did not allow for classification of residence (urban versus rural) or a means of calculating distance from residence to hospital in order to identify if any of these factors may have contributed to the differences seen.
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The remainder of our analyses was based on the classification of residences using a quantitative exposure estimate (estimated pounds per square mile of pesticide use within 500 m).
This possible change in the classification of residences may introduce a bias to the estimate of unmet needs in rural and urban areas.
However, we do not think the major results are affected by this bias because the change in the classification of residences should not be large within a six-year period.
Our comparison of the two metrics' classification of residences as potentially exposed or unexposed (based on whether a specific pesticide use was predicted to be in the 500-m buffer) is presented in Table 2. Overall agreement ranged from 88% for triflurlalin to 97% for simazine.
occupational classification, place of residence, Religiosity, awareness of smoking health consequences.
a Fully adjusted model including: age, age at smoking onset, education, occupational classification, place of residence, Religiosity, awareness of smoking health consequences.
The NHI dataset used in this study contains socio-economic information like sex, age, monthly premium, classification of NHI, residence, health status, and medical services utilization.
To control for the characteristics of the population and the practices, we need data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the population, characteristics of the general practices serving them, and data on the rural-urban classification of the residence of the population.
In a cross-sectional study of mammographic density in 487 pre-menopausal women, SES was assessed from questionnaire data using highest achieved level of formal education, quintiles of Census-derived Townsend scores and urban/rural classification of place of residence.
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