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We do this three times to create three new simulated values of BMI (BMI1-BMI3), all which can be thought of as measures of BMI subjected to classical measurement error.
While many longitudinal studies in education provide classical measurement information on the quality of their measures (e.g., Cronbach's α), several studies (e.g., Embretson & Reise, 2000) have pointed out the limitations of classical test theory (CTT).
If Hypnomys had a proportionally reduced head or a proportionally increased length of limb bones, a classical measurement as the ratio head/body length cannot be measured accurately without using some reference of the body trunk.
We then use two additional measures (BMI2 and BMI3) as instruments for BMI1; by construction these repeated measures are valid instruments in the presence of classical measurement error and should return the conditional mean.
The maximum continuous extension from one ventricle to the other was measured in temporal horns in our study rather than classical measurement of the frontal horns based on Evans' method, which may explain the significant results of our study in contrast to those of previous studies.
The literature presented above and the results of the present study highlight the importance of examination of supplemental measures such as skinfold thickness, in addition to the more classical measurement of birth weight in studies aiming to characterize the intrauterine growth in terms of fat mass, lean mass, skeletal growth, and head growth.
The signals are selected and presented to the listener by using a classical measurement method known as the method of limits.
where u1 and u2 are classical measurement errors.
The results in the second column illustrate the textbook attenuation bias associated with classical measurement error.
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To examine the consequences of non-classical measurement error in BMI we consider the relationship between BMI and income.
The problems posed by non-classical measurement error for both the CE and IV approach are also immediate.
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