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Two major classes of situations that require the use of a multicriteria approach are identified.
To describe application classes of situations and in a more abstracted way, contexts must be linked to actions carried out by context-aware applications. .
To describe what should have an influence on application classes of situations have to be selected which will influence the behavior of context-aware applications 4.
The dimensions are thought to be conceptually orthogonal, so their combination results in four distinctive classes of situations in which observers may experience vicarious embarrassment, abbreviated in the following as (i) AA (accidental ∩ aware); (ii) AU (accidental ∩ unaware); (iii) IA (intentional ∩ aware) and (iv) IU (intentional ∩ unaware).
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We have described a class of situations where we can prove that this happens.
The rule might be an optimal response to the class of situations, given costly deliberation and imperfect information.
The second component, for some given situation or class of situations, is an optimal method, not one that we can necessarily apply in practice, but one that provides a gold standard, beyond which improvements are not generally possible.
A single diagram is often an abstraction over a class of situations, and once a suitable diagram has been constructed, inferences can simply be read off the representation without any further manipulation.
As several philosophers have pointed out (A. Garfinkel (1981); C. Hitchcock (1996a, 1996b); P. Lipton (1990); J. Woodward (1984); and B. Van Fraassen (1981)), some of the contextual principles behind our causal judgements seem to rely on considerations concerning which class of situations the effect is contrasted with.
Insofar as norms are shared, collective beliefs of what actions are appropriate in what class of situations, they will be consistent with actions, at least until the individual wants to belong and be identified with a particular group that adopts the norms in question.
However, given that sometimes attention can be voluntarily allocated to things other than the primary task (checking Facebook because I find the lecture boring), we refer to the broad class of situations where attention is allocated to other sources as disengagements rather than as failures (which can be considered as a subclass of overall disengagements).
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