Different dynamic patterns of expression of oestrogen-regulated and proliferation genes were observed in tumours clinically resistant to neoadjuvant letrozole, thus illustrating heterogeneity of resistance and discriminating molecular sub-classes of resistant tumours.
The clinically important classes of vancomycin-resistant bacteria (VanA and VanB phenotypes) induce expression of resistance-related enzymes that build the UDP-Mur NAc-pentadepsipeptide with the d-alanyl d-lactate terminus as a modified peptidoglycan precursor.
There are two classes of glyphosate-resistant AroA that have been reported.
To study the mechanism of nickel toxicity, two classes of nickel-resistant mutants were isolated.
Three classes of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus that differ in vancomycin susceptibilities have emerged: vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), heterogenous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA), and high-level vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) (Howden et al. 2010).
A new class of material resistant to bacterial attachment has been discovered that is formed from polyacrylates with hydrocarbon pendant groups.
In summary, we report a new class of materials resistant to bacterial attachment discovered using a high throughput discovery methodology with up to 81%, 99% and 99% reduction in bacterial coverage for P aeruginosa, S. aureus and UPEC, respectively, compared to a market leading anti-bacterial silver hydrogel.
During the period of rapid expansion of fluoroquinolone resistance of N. gonorrhoeae among MSM, the type resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and penicillin (hereafter, triply resistant) was the fastest growing class of ciprofloxacin-resistant types among MSM, reaching 25.6% of all MSM GISP specimens at the peak.
Unfortunately, for each new antibiotic class discovered, reports of resistant microbes emerged within only a few years, heralding the impending challenge of antibiotic resistance.
A significant antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles was achieved against both gram classes of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms (Figs. 11, 12).
While just a few mutations appear capable of making HIV impervious to entire classes of drugs, such resistant strains are genetically similar and may be vulnerable to a single new drug, Shafer says.
