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In recent years, two major classes of methodologies emerged in the simulation of influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) and other emerging infectious diseases.
Both classes of methodologies leverage data from systems such as EHRs and data warehouses (DW); the latter of which is the focus of this paper.
We find that random walk approaches outperform all other tested classes of methodologies, with performance ranging from high precision and low recall (92% and 1%, respectively) to low precision and mediocre recall (17% and 38%, respectively) based on the parameters used.
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Hyper-heuristic is a class of methodologies which automates the process of selecting or generating a set of heuristics to solve various optimization problems.
A particularly relevant class of methodologies is those that apply regression algorithms with variable selection to determine the neighbors of each variable, such as the Lasso (Tibshirani, 1996), which minimizes the usual sum of squared errors plus a penalty on the sum of the absolute values of the regression coefficients.
Therefore, we present a standalone protein structure prediction software package suitable for high-throughput structural genomic applications that performs all three classes of prediction methodologies: comparative modeling, fold recognition, and ab initio.
The photothermal radar [ 35, 36] is a prominent class of these methodologies.
Thirdly, a causal map is used to demonstrate how classes of IPR protection methodologies are causally related with classes of IP piracy methodologies.
Because the aim of this study was to pilot DArT in new taxonomic contexts and apply it to different classes of questions, a range of methodologies were compared to inform similar future studies.
These findings are similar to other studies indicating that students' conceptual and technical understanding of methodologies taught in class was greatly increased with practical hands-on training in the laboratory [ 21, 22].
This approach is the third class of the design methodologies.
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