We studied the development of two different classes of normal faults: faults that offset the igneous basement and faults restricted to the sediment section.
His paper entitled A New Class of Faults and Their Bearing on Continental Drift (1965) introduced the concept of the transform fault.
The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults.
The fault isolability condition is rigorously investigated, characterizing the class of faults that are isolable by the proposed method.
The considered faults can be unbounded (provided that their qth derivatives are bounded), the present fault estimation approaches can handle a large class of faults.
The fault detectability and isolability conditions, characterizing the class of faults that are detectable and isolable by the proposed scheme, are rigorously established.
The mutations of the semantics of the language represent possible misunderstandings of the description language and thus capture a different class of faults.
Moreover, the proposed method is shown to be applicable to a wide class of faults, which can be differentiable or non-differentiable, and matched or unmatched.
These are the intention of redundancy (deliberate or opportunistic), the type of redundancy (code, data, environment), the nature of triggers and adjudicators that can activate redundant mechanisms and use their results (preventive - implicit adjudicator or reactive or- implicit/explicit adjudicator), and lastly the class of faults addressed by the redundancy mechanisms (Bohrbugs or Heisenbugs).
The paper will discuss the design issues associated with the controller – including the design of the sliding surface, the nonlinear gain required to maintain sliding, and sufficient conditions to ensure the closed –loop system remains stable for a class of faults and failures.
