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Using a color descriptor is not enough to capture all possible class variability.
where the alternative hypothesis is the likelihood for the non-class model which is compensated also with the with-in class variability matrix.
Moreover, the performance comparison results show that the endmember class variability is more important for less developed areas and the endmember spectra variability is more important for developed areas.
To improve the discrimination of these regions (see Figure 4d) we used linear discriminant analysis (LDA) [25] which guaranteed higher separation between classes of point-clouds by calculating the between class variability through the sample covariance of the class means.
This allows for the coverage of high class variability by the principal components calculated individually, making SIMCA one of the most commonly used techniques for the classification of spectral data [28, 29].
All these instances, in other words, provide exemplars of class invariance as well as within class variability.
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Vehicle classification poses another challenge as inter-class variability is relatively smaller compared to intra-class variability.
The dataset exhibits various viewpoints, scales, illumination, and intra-class variability.
The variability of the same class segments is known as within-class variability.
As a result, the within-class variability is more difficult to compensate in our task.
This approach works better when there is relatively high inter-class variability (e.g., cars vs vans).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com