The Patriot Act allows America to designate entities or even whole classes of transactions as "primary money-laundering concerns".
In all systems of contract law, certain classes of transactions are treated as unenforceable by the judicial process because they are thought to involve unusual hazards for a contracting party or to be of marginal social utility.
A broader government guarantee would also spread the moral-hazard problem to an even larger class of financial transactions, raising the odds that the guarantee will someday have to be paid out.
Motivated by time-sensitive e-service applications, we consider the design of effective policies in a Markovian model for the dynamic control of both admission and routing of a single class of real-time transactions to multiple heterogeneous clusters of web servers, each having its own queue and server pool.
Amid heavy Wall Street pressure, the Fed nearly doubled the amount it will allow banks to charge retailers and consumers under a new regulation while effectively exempting an entire class of debit card transactions from the rule altogether.
The reason that this is not an easy case turns on the "safe harbor" provisions of the bankruptcy code, which exempt several broad classes of financial transactions from the normal rules of bankruptcy, especially with regard to derivative contracts.
A fortnight ago Lim extended his business interests with the Class of 92 players, completing a transaction to take 75% ownership of their Hotel Football and Cafe Football businesses, which are close to Old Trafford and appeal to fans attending matches at United, who opposed the original planning application.
"This is my kind of transaction, uniting two world-class organisations and delivering shareholder value.
This special class of lawyers, who oversee most commercial transactions and maintain official registers of property, were objecting to some modest pruning of the thicket of regulation surrounding their job.
"There is a class of goods and services where the eBay transaction model is struggling," said Mr. Kazim of Skype.
