But Joan Claybrook, a former head of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and now president of Public Citizen, an advocacy group, said that resorting to a ranking instead of a rule was particularly unhelpful for the class of driver most likely to roll a car, young people who do not choose cars with safety in mind.
Mr. Merola added that his concerns would have been allayed if the governor had proposed creating a second class of driver's license for the illegal immigrants.
The proposal set off intense criticism — a Siena College poll of 620 registered voters found that 72percentt opposed it — even as Mr. Spitzer made clear that he would consider creating a class of driver's licenses in the future to abide by federal regulations.
Professor Alan Bairner, of Loughborough University's School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, says footballers' success has led to a change of heart for automakers, some of which had previously preferred to be associated with a more traditional and up-market class of driver.
But increasingly, another factor has come into play for the elite class of drivers in world auto racing: Because the series requires so much travel and so many demands on a driver's time and attention in dealing with the media, sponsors, team personnel and fans, drivers say that their physical workouts are intended as much to keep in top condition mentally as physically.
In taking on the auto industry, Google has some mighty pitched battles ahead, not least the radical changes it implies for the insurance industry (who will find the number of accident claims dropping sharply), car makers (who will become partners with Google to equip their autonomous cars) and the labour issues of laying off a whole class of drivers, from cabs to haulage.
The class of drivers who are absent-minded, confused, or show poor orientation in the traffic environment (Factor 3) may benefit from measures involving training in multifaceted driving situations (such as booster driving lessons) or, in the case of older drivers, those aimed at training and the maintenance of cognitive capacities.
Assistance systems (and infrastructure designs) that focus on the provision of feedback and law enforcement may be more useful for the class of drivers who commit deliberate traffic violations, while error-prone, absent-minded, and confused drivers may benefit more from systems that facilitate orientation and provide general support in dealing with driving as a multifaceted task.
Now, Uber could drop the settlement talks altogether because the appeals court could go on to unwind Chen's certification of a class of drivers, forcing most of the drivers to individual arbitration.
Steve Gaut, a UPS spokesman, said the introduction of a new class of drivers would help the company get a bigger piece of the booming residential delivery market that has creeped into weekends.
The second class of drivers has a more moderate degree in both the transcriptional and protein interaction networks, but their score in the combined network score is even higher than each individual rank, leading to an overall increase in the specificity and enrichment of drivers at the top of the list.
