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In the case of males, nearly all of the claimed effectiveness of treatment would actually be due to the natural process.
Given its popular use and claimed effectiveness, however, the evidence in support of acupuncture for treating ankle sprain remains unclear.
Conventional social science has questioned NLP for both professional credibility,[1] as well as insufficient empirical evidence to substantiate its models and claimed effectiveness.[2].
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Overall, there was a pattern of claiming effectiveness and causation where the study design precludes any such inference.
The lack of a control group also characterizes the other three studies claiming effectiveness for the described interventions [ 54, 58, 59].
Our study is a post hoc analysis, which cannot be used to claim effectiveness of thalidomide, and a prospective study needs to be conducted to confirm or refute our findings.
2. For drugs, section 505 d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) establishes substantial evidence as the evidence standard for making conclusions that a drug will have a claimed effect and states that reports of adequate and well-controlled investigations provide the basis for determining whether there is substantial evidence to support claims of effectiveness for new drugs.
The authors claimed the effectiveness of the proposed link allocation protocol even in the conditions where the FSO link is affected by severe atmospheric conditions.
In the past decade, several tin-free products have reached the commercial market, and claimed their effectiveness as regards the prevention of marine biofouling on ships in an environmentally friendly manner.
Several behavioral studies in cats [35] and humans ([36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]; but see [42]) have claimed inverse effectiveness, but on different measures and in different conditions than the ones considered here.
GPs and managerial and executive-level decision makers from primary and secondary care were largely in favour of providing 'care closer to home' in community settings, though some claimed that effectiveness would depend on the specific transport links and location of such services.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com