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Attempts to persuade ideologues of the virtues of opposing points of view are rarely met with success, because our modern partisan politics, contrary to Aristotle's claim, is characterized not by reason devoid of passion, but by passion devoid of reason.
As in grassroots innovation, catalytic innovations have a social claim, but that claim is characterized by changing existing business patterns into 'scalable, sustainable, system-changing solutions' (Christensen 2006, p. 96) for people at the BoP by using frugal approaches.
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Unlike the usually quick-fading male teenage heartthrobs, the diva lineage they're claiming is characterized by precocious beginnings that lead to long careers.
Good-deal bounds and hedges for measurable claims are characterized by solutions to second-order backward stochastic differential equations whose generators are non-convex in the volatility.
Thus, one should distinguish between the claim that consciousness is characterized by an immediate first-person character and the claim that consciousness is characterized by total self-transparency.
In fact, recently it has been claimed that cooperation is characterized by a "three degrees of influence" rule [20], meaning that an individual who increases his or her level of cooperation can positively impact the contribution of an individual who is three steps removed from them in the network.
Incumbents like Comcast and Verizon Wireless (now cooperating in a joint marketing venture) claim that their market is characterized by robust competition.
Benner et al. [ 53] claim that expert care is characterized by intuition and the capability to safeguard the existential aspects of residents' lives.
This finding validates Sasaki and Hirose' (1996) claim that L2 writing performance is characterized by one's previous writing experience and confidence in L2 writing.
The epistemic 2D framework helps regiment and clarify this claim: the conceivability of zombies is characterized via the 1-intension associated with the target sentence, whereas the metaphysical possibility of zombies is modeled by the 2-intension.
This observation is in line with later studies by the same group claiming that migraine with aura is characterized by psychiatric comorbidity more frequently than migraine without aura [24].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com