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During startup from subzero temperatures the water produced in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) forms ice/frost in the cathode catalyst layer (CL), blocking the oxygen transport and causing cell shutdown once all CL pores are plugged with ice.
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13CH4 experiments have shown that for the case of toluene, the reaction proceeds via the addition of a Cl block from CH4.
As the molar content of CL in the copolymer is low, 10.2%, it is reasonable to presume that CL units are isolated in between PLA units (-LA-CL-LA) of form blocks of double CL units (-LA-CL-CL-LA), with the existence of longer CL blocks being negligible.
The standard extracellular solution consisted of (in m m) 118 NaCl, 20 tetraethyl-ammonium chloride (TEA-Cl; to block voltage-gated K+ currents), 5.6 KCl, 2.6 CaCl2, 1.2 MgCl2, 5 glucose and 5 HEPES (pH 7.4 using NaOH).
Wells were washed with DPBS (100 μl per well) and then blocked for 1 h with 100 μl of 5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA), 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% (w/v) NaN3, and 25 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.4 (blocking buffer).
Microstructures of MAPbI3(Cl) on the TiO2 blocking layer.
It can also be produced experimentally by blocking muscle Cl- channels of normal muscle, for example with 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (9-AC), p-chloro-phenoxy-propionic acid, or 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetate [ 4, 14- 16].
After a minimum of 10 min, 200 μM 4,4′-Diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic 4,4′-Diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic 4,4′-Diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic 4,4′-Diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic
The melting behaviour of ethylene terephthalate (ET)—caprolactone (CL) random block copolyesters (TCLs) crystallized from the melt were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c).s.c
Lubiprostone has been reported to stimulate bicarbonate secretion which was suggested to be through activation of the EP4 PGE2 receptor [ 20] and activation of Cl- secretion was blocked by an EP4 receptor antagonist [ 23].
Furthermore, the ICa(Cl) was almost completely blocked in Ano1-specific shRNA transfected CVECs; in contrast, the ICa(Cl) was not altered in CVECs expressing scramble shRNA (Fig. 4K N) (refer to Supporting Information Fig. S1 for gene silencing efficiency; since shRNAs were linked with GFP, the cells showing green were used for patch-clamp analyses).
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