Yet this enactment is ephemeral; without continuous repetition over the long term, it does not lead to durable transformations of the city as a civic space or to stable employment for themselves as civic actors.
Young entrepreneurs from Silicon Valley, London and New York have flocked to the desert on the promise of tabula rasa, that its urban and civic failure offers a clean slate for transformation.
The real story of Medellín's transformation is rooted in a civic movement that began in the mid-90s and saw politicians, captains of industry and architects cooperating with a common goal.
We need to leverage this civic spirit by committing to a true transformation in the way our country views civilian national service.
Viewed in general, the phenomena of enhancing civic engagement can be construed as a radical transformation of democracy.
This transformation has given people there confidence in a new progressive civic national identity.
From the small beginnings of local bus boycotts and sit-ins came the transformation of civil rights laws, finally giving African American full civic and legal equality, a hundred years after Lincoln.
The implications of the findings are that, in the absence of legislative requirements to transform the wine industry, social codes and civic conventions are likely to remain significant, but that greater understanding is required of the different meanings and outcomes of transformation and empowerment being deployed within the industry.
The Turkish military needs to undergo a significant psychological transformation, accepting that stewardship of the secular democracy is best handed over to civic institutions.
While it remains to be seen whether the momentum of the late 90's can be sustained amid recession and civic trauma, there are enough projects in the pipeline to guarantee, for now, that the transformation will continue.
