These solutions are driven, on the one hand, by innovations in ICT and, on the other hand, to increase the capability and capacity of cities to mitigate environmental, social inclusion, economic growth and sustainable development challenges.
With around 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly attributed to cities, attempts to mitigate climate change impacts must seriously consider urban carbon transformations.
While many of these nondiscretionary costs are difficult, if not impossible, for the city to curtail, there are steps the city could take to mitigate the impact, said Doug Turetsky, a spokesman for the Independent Budget Office.
Green roofs, providing vegetated surfaces in dense cities, can help to mitigate the negative effects of urban pollution.
Low-impact products, buildings, precincts and cities are needed to mitigate the effects of building construction and use.
"But there would be significant benefits to the city and strong efforts to mitigate the impact on the neighborhood".
Globally, cities are best placed to mitigate emissions as urban areas are much more energy intensive than rural areas, say researchers.
Many cities have developed plans to mitigate future heat risks, largely through adopting strategies that promote tree planting and high albedo roofs and pavements (U.S. EPA 2011).
The purpose of this green infrastructure is to mitigate the city's need to import 85percentt of its usable water -- and to save the city money.
The creation of Brooklyn Bridge Park provided waterside amenity space for local residents; its design also absorbs storm water to reduce flooding and removes the pavement to mitigate the city's heat island effect.
