The projects, which were devised by I.B.M.'s citizenship group and are being coordinated through nonprofit organizations, have all the trappings of corporate philanthropy.
They contend that social stigma and denigration still operate powerfully to deny equal citizenship to groups such as blacks, women, and gays.
Ever since 1789, when a French legislator argued that "the Jews should be denied everything as a nation, but granted everything as individuals," Europeans have struggled to resolve the tension between rights derived from universal citizenship versus group membership.
The results are presented by sex and citizenship, and grouped by geographical area of origin.
Mr. Huntsman will also appear on Telemundo's "Enfoque," a Spanish-language public affairs show, to talk about his support for the federal Dream Act, which would grant a path to citizenship for limited groups of illegal immigrants.
"Thailand: Legal Obstacles to Citizenship for Indigenous Groups". The Jurist Legal News and Research.
Third, although criticized by human rights groups, citizenship challenges targeted at political opponents are relatively low on the priority lists of major international actors.
Scepticism towards the universalist model was spurred by concerns that the extension of citizenship rights to groups previously excluded had not translated into equality and full integration, notably in the case of Afro-Americans and women (Young 1989; Williams 1998).
From Dred Scott to the Chinese Exclusion Act, America has a dark history of trying to deny citizenship to certain groups.
Although Sunday's balloting was largely praised as free and transparent, large numbers of ethnic and religious minorities were not allowed to vote, including hundreds of thousands of Rohingya Muslims, who have been stripped of citizenship, and ethnic groups living in northern border areas where militias have been battling the army.
