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In this way, what is crucial is not the agreement as such, but how citizens reason together within a common public sphere.
In the first (Link to subsection of Rawls article) "freestanding" conception of political justification, Rawls (2005, 12) requires that citizens reason on shared terms in order to converge on a political conception of justice.
On the assumption that citizens reason and behave roughly according to the Downsian model, either the society must in fact be run by a relatively small group of people with minimal input from the rest or it will be very poorly run.
Just as Colorado put the majority of the earnings in a fund to build new schools, Puerto Rico could use the money to pay off its debt, improve the economy and give its citizens reason to stay on the island.
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However, there may be a third option: moderate idealization, where one attributes to citizens reasons based on some reasonable standard of adequate information and reasoning that nonetheless falls short of full information and perfect reasoning.
Views that determine citizens' reasons by their actual commitments are typically described as forms of justificatory "populism" (Eberle 2002, 200).
When the diversity of citizens' reasons is brought to bear on the process of public justification, it may turn out that very few proposals can be publicly justified, so few that intuitively legitimate political orders could not permissibly engage in the forms of coercion required to maintain even a society's basic structure.
During the Vietnam War some American citizens reasoned that it was unfortunate that there was no general distinction between the military members who fought the war and the political leadership of the country that was responsible for engaging in that very frustrating decade-long war.
This American government of ours should never give the American citizen reason to question whose interests are being served.
Most of us are citizens by reason of the simple serendipitous fact of our birth here.
The governments in those countries, however, are solidly pro-choice and haven't given their citizens a reason to fear a slippery slope.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com