Many Russians have been critical of these efforts at reassessment, however, and have accused countries once under the Kremlin's sway, including Estonia, of not pursuing a full account of some of their citizens' collaborations with the Nazis.
In the literature, civic crowdfunding refers to the direct funding of public, civic, or community projects by citizens, in collaboration with local, federal, or national governments (Davies 2015; Hollow 2013; Lehner 2013).
Though Wikitribune's citizen-professional collaboration model is untested, it will just be one publication among many whose articles get passed around on Facebook, and Wales knows this.
Global experiences suggest that social accountability tools can help ensure that governments, public service providers, and donors do more than pay lip service to their commitments by fostering genuine citizen-state collaboration.
These kinds of transitional PAR studies awaken our collective imagination to the idea that another kind of school is possible, and this schooling structure can teach about participation, citizen engagement, collaboration, and empowerment.
They provide an example of citizen involvement and collaboration between citizens and local governments.
For these sampling campaigns to remain an effective and efficient use of citizen-scientist collaborations, sampling strategies and specific objectives that may be served by these efforts should be discussed and evaluated.
Special courts set up to try citizens accused of collaboration heard 125,000 cases during the next two years.
We developed a strategy for the candidate that involved citizens' opinions and collaboration through polls on Facebook, asking what were the city's problems and solutions.
For decades this was a mini Lubyanka prison, where Soviet soldiers and German citizens suspected of collaboration were tortured by the secret police before shipment to the Gulag.
