Those with an all-male author list were, however, cited by five more papers than those with an all-female list.Partly, this was caused by men citing themselves more often than women did.
The figures show that Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen are the most ethnically diverse places in Scotland, with 12% of Glaswegians citing themselves as either Asian (8%), African (2%), Caribbean or black, or belonging to another ethnic group.
But such is the state of our industry, particularly the London-based national media, that an applicant can very reasonably cite themselves as a bringer of diversity by being a non-graduate or coming from a council estate.
Therefore, we are going to have to find a different way of raising tax for local distribution because at the moment tax is tipping the playing field away from businesses that cite themselves locally".
In every field, however, men were still likelier than women to cite themselves.
"For example, men tend to cite themselves as the primary reason for success, while women tend to cite external factors".
Some reviewers can predict authorship by looking closely at a paper's references; authors often build on their previous work and thus cite themselves extensively.
Since today's highly competitive academic scene hardly encourages male researchers to become more modest about their own publications, it may behoove female researchers to draw more attention to their work by citing themselves more.
Women were least likely to cite themselves in history, classical studies, international political science, mathematics, and general anthropology but most likely to do so in U.S. domestic political science, cell and molecular biology, sociology, radiation damage, and ecology.
Over the summer, we wrote about a study suggesting that, as research teams grow, career prospects may shrink, and in the fall, we covered a study reporting that men have a greater tendency than women to cite themselves, with potential career implications.
