The scientists boiled down the list of traits to about a dozen of the most commonly cited characteristics, including aggressiveness, unkemptness and various emotional states.
Defenders of animal rights cited characteristics such as having interests, sentience, being conscious, and being the subject of a life as the most appropriate criteria for moral standing.
Among candidates, hydrogels of pHEMA [poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)] are known to present the previously cited characteristics.
Most frequently cited characteristics were "overcrowding", being "packed" and "packing together", "dirty water", "dirty places", and "dirtiness".
Professor Noah J. Goldstein of the University of Chicago, one of the paper's authors, said that people are sometimes most easily persuaded by narrowly directed appeals, rather than appeals that cite characteristics they may believe to be important, like gender ("men and women") or political status ("citizens").
In the early 1930s, zoologists Ernst Schwarz, Guillaume Grandidier, and others resurrected the name, citing characteristics that were intermediate between Cheirogaleus and Microcebus.
Ms. Groom, 54, cited another characteristic New York is not known for.
Another frequently cited physical characteristic is the inability to cast a reflection or shadow, which often translates into an inability to be photographed or recorded on film.
Indeed, some space officials have cited these characteristics, as well as his engineering skills and experience piloting X-15 rocket planes, as reasons that Mr. Armstrong stood out in the astronaut corps.
As the patrons attempt to place their orders, however, the host cited personal characteristics as a reason they wouldn't be allowed to consume their dish of choice. .
Fewer reentered physicians cited these characteristics as reasons they had initially left medicine.
