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Discover Ludwig"citation without" is a valid phrase in written English
It means that there is a reference or source missing from a statement or argument. It can be used in both formal and informal writing. Example: The author's claim about the role of social media in the political sphere is not supported by evidence, it is simply a citation without any substantial backing.
Exact(3)
1988". Draft for Discussion: Not for quotation or citation without the express written consent of the author". University of London.
I myself prefer the citation without self-citation for the best index of quality assessment.
We identified seven papers out of 623 found (databases citation without duplicates plus manual searches) which met our inclusion criteria described above: 1) Ascione, 2009 [ 41] 2) Rumi, 2009 [ 42] 3) McHutchison, 2009 [ 43] 4) Yenice, 2006b [ 44] 5) Scotto, 2008 [ 45] 6) Berak, 2007 [ 46] and 7) Kolakowska, 2008 [ 47].
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Col. George Newman, chief of staff of the First Cavalry, has acknowledged that he sent out orders to prepare citations without first having eyewitness accounts to document the awards.
WordSeer employs a technology called Natural Language Processing, which uses understanding about parts of speech, usage and word relationships to enable search that is both more broad — in that it allows users to cast about for citations without a key word — and more specific, in that it makes determinations about the relevancy of text.
The total number of citations without self-citation was 8,842.
Citations without any labels will have the default white background.
Firstly, we chose to exclude citations without abstracts from the analysis.
No language filter was used; however, when abstract review was required, citations without English abstracts were eliminated.
Both prospective and retrospective original articles were included, but conference abstracts, citations without abstracts, case reports, review articles and opinion pieces were excluded.
Thirdly, the proportion of received citations other than self-citations by journals or authors is higher in the comparison group (44% vs. 32%) - a result even more pronounced when only external English citations (without self-cites by authors) were considered: 35% vs. 15% (95-CI: 26%-47% vs. 10%-21%; χ-test: p<0.001).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com