We compared the following ratios: O/Ø, OM/OS, OS/ØS, OM/ØM, OM/Ø, OS/Ø and OM/OS using their mean log citation ratios.
The objective was to compare citation counts – always within the same journal/year – for OA (O) and non-OA articles, comparing the O/Ø citation ratios for OA that had been self-selected (S) vs. mandated (M).
Bias based on national origin has been reported in various aspects of the dissemination and appreciation of research, e.g. with respect to citation-publication ratios, journals' peer review processes, inclusion of trials into meta-analyses and even the distribution of Nobel prizes [ 20- 27].
The performance of each university is judged across a range of factors using the same methodology that is used in the QS World Rankings: academic reputation, employer reputation, student-faculty ratio, citations per faculty and international faculty ratio.
The annual list is compiled using six key indicators: academic reputation, student-to-faculty ratio, citations per faculty, employer reputation, international faculty ratio, and international student ratio.
The Online Education Database ("OEDb") provides a list of online degree program rankings based on eight factors, including acceptance rate, financial aid, graduation rate, online programs, retention rate, scholarly citations, student-faculty ratio, and years accredited.
We used Hirsch's indexes (h and m) as main indicators of performance, but compared also classical bibliometric indexes such as total number of citations, total number of papers and the ratio of citation per paper (CpP).
The total number of citations is 11,079, giving a ratio for the "Average Citations per Item" as 15.45 and "H-index" as 52.
For each pair of citations, the SIP score ratio was defined as follows: Six-word phrases common to both citations were identified by moving a six-word window on the target citation one word at a time.
The number of citations within each cluster and between the two clusters is counted and, furthermore, the ratio of observed citations and theoretically possible citations is calculated under consideration of the cluster sizes and the paper distribution over time.
