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"While Judge Welsch's finding rejected both OSHA's original citation level and fine, we feel his decision erred in matters of both fact and law," the statement said.
Screening was performed at citation level by two reviewers (CF and VCH), and at full-text by one reviewer (VCH).
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Self-citation rates were not unusual and did not contribute to greater than expected citation levels.
The comparisons are all within-journal, to minimize between-journal differences in content, quality and average citation levels ("journal impact factor"); OA articles are keyword-matched to their non-OA controls in order to minimize any differences still further.
In the longer term, citation levels may also benefit from OA.
In the longer term, citation levels may also benefit from OA (Lawrence, 2001; Hajjem et al. 2005; Harnad et al. 2008).
Those relevant to us here include: a) the fact that video, audio and other examples cannot be embedded in hard-copy monographs; b) text-mining options and easy ways of measuring citation levels and impact rates are absent; c) the fact that hard copy monographs are not 'living' documents.
Level 1 relevance screening excluded irrelevant citations; level 2 confirmed relevance and categorized.
Interaction maps were based on Mus musculus and 'function word' as co-citation level for literature mining.
Non-citation levels should therefore be made available for all journals.
We find that previous citation impact, level of international collaboration and total publications in a specific scientific field are important determinants of citation impact among all nations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com