Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
citation below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "citation below" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used to refer to a citation that is provided later in the text, typically in academic or formal writing. Example: "The findings of this study are significant, as shown in the citation below."
✓ Grammatically correct
Academia
Science
News & Media
Wiki
Alternative expressions(19)
reference below
detailed in what follows
noted subsequently
as shown later
mention below
outline below
discussed further down
comment below
note below
presented in the following section
address below
excerpt below
refer below
referred to later
explained in detail below
quotation below
declaration below
enumerate below
are below
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
5 human-written examples
Further taxonomies, including SOLO and other revisions to Bloom, are explored in the UCD citation below.
Academia
Proper reference should be given, using the citation below, when GAMMA simulations are used in papers and/or presentations.
Academia
As the authors of a 1995 study in Sex Roles noted (citation below): "The media images emphasizing thinness cause a woman to downscale her own ideal size from her real size rating but may be powerful enough to cause her to distort her perception of her partner's ideal female".
News & Media
The citation below illustrates a general attitude in the focus groups.
Science
As indicated by the citation below, men are conscious of women's determination to avoid male involvement and that they would rather prefer timely information to seek the available nearby care: … now considering that we live close to the hospital … the problem with women is that they do not tell us (men).
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
55 human-written examples
The citations below are in the APA style, but the elements you should look out for (authors, editors, publication information...) will be present in some form in most common citation styles.
Refer to Sources and Citations, below, for a link to Rutgers University and a list of poetry publishers.
Wiki
Mr. Gore's memory of the lyrics was accurate, which is more than you can say about many of the citations below.
News & Media
Additionally, 'local content' plays an important role, as illustrated in the citations below: N5: 'In developing the new park, we decided at an early time to place the O&M activities in country A, as we already had a setup in this country.
Science
There is a voluminous, robust scientific literature (see citations below) showing that almonds, walnuts, and nuts in general confer consistent and quite significant health benefits.
News & Media
A review of the literature (see citations below and in Supplementary Text S1) found this to be true for coal, nuclear, solar, and hydropower, as well as for the growth of energy crops for biofuels or for burning for electricity.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "citation below" to direct the reader's attention to a specific source or reference that is presented later in your text. This is particularly useful in academic or formal writing where proper attribution is important.
Common error
Do not use "citation below" if the citation is not immediately following the phrase or if its location is unclear. Be precise about where the citation can be found to avoid confusing the reader.
Source & Trust
79%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "citation below" functions as a directive, guiding the reader to find the full source information at a later point in the text. It's a way of cross-referencing within a document, as confirmed by Ludwig.
Frequent in
Academia
30%
Science
30%
Wiki
15%
Less common in
News & Media
15%
Formal & Business
5%
Reference
5%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "citation below" is a grammatically correct and usable phrase that serves to direct readers to a source or reference provided later in the text. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness and utility. While not exceedingly common, it finds its primary use in academic, scientific, and formal writing contexts where accuracy and proper attribution are essential. Remember to use this phrase judiciously, ensuring that the citation is clearly placed and easily found by the reader.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
reference below
Replaces "citation" with "reference", a more general term for a source of information.
see below for citation
Reorders the phrase to emphasize the action of seeing the citation.
source cited below
Uses a passive construction and specifies that the source is cited.
details below on citation
Indicates that further details about the citation are provided below.
for citation, see below
Emphasizes the purpose of looking below is to find the citation.
citation provided below
Uses "provided" to indicate that the citation will be given subsequently.
citation is shown below
More explicit statement confirming the presence of a citation immediately following the statement
find the citation below
Adds an action element to the instruction
the citation appears below
Highlights that the citation will appear in the following content.
refer to the citation below
Emphasizes the direction to specifically note what follows as the citation.
FAQs
How can I use "citation below" in a sentence?
You can use "citation below" to indicate that a source is referenced later in the text. For example: "The study's methodology is detailed in the citation below".
What's a good alternative to "citation below"?
Alternatives include "reference below", "see below for citation", or "source cited below", depending on the context.
Is it ever incorrect to use "citation below"?
It's best to avoid "citation below" if the citation is not immediately following the phrase. Ensure the placement is clear to prevent confusion. Using it when the citation is several paragraphs later would be misleading.
What is the difference between "citation below" and "see appendix"?
"Citation below" refers to a specific source within the main body of the text, while "see appendix" directs the reader to a separate section at the end of the document for more detailed information or supporting material.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
79%
Authority and reliability
4.1/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested