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We suggest that timing of eviction by the naked and blind cuckoo chick can be explained by an ongoing coevolutionary arms race between hosts and parasites [45], whereby hosts escalate to evolve increasingly specialized responses to reduce the cost of parasite adaptations to circumvent rejection [46].
In chronic cases, however, this would be an option and would circumvent rejection issues.
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Zwaka has suggested the technique may also be used to circumvent immune rejection of introduced cell populations by making it possible to create "universal donor" populations, thereby obviating the need for controversial so-called therapeutic cloning.
Ideally, having genetically identical donor and patient cells is the best way to circumvent immune rejection.
The 2-day-old embryos were used as transplant recipients to partly circumvent graft rejection by performing short-term multilineage hematopoietic engraftment [ 15].
Furthermore, hESCs derived from parthenotes are especially attractive because these cells are homozygous for major human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, which could help circumvent immunological rejection that may occur in hESC transplantation therapies (discussed below).
Tumors exploit immunoregulatory checkpoints that serve to attenuate T cell responses as a means of circumventing immunologic rejection.
There is significant potential for combining gene therapy with stem cell strategies to aid in controlling cell growth and circumventing immune rejection, and the transfer of genes for reprogramming factors is one strategy for generating induced pluripotent stem cells.
This year, Spector circumvented his state's rejection of federal abstinence-only funding -- 25 states have rejected the monies because of restrictions on comprehensive sex education -- by setting aside $835,000 worth of earmarks for CPCs and abstinence-only education in Pennsylvania.
Once hyperacute rejection is circumvented, long-term tolerance of xenografted organs should be possible through a combination of transgenic immunomodulating molecule, bone marrow chimerism and short to intermediate term use of immunosuppressive drugs.
The microarchitecture of this membrane is designed to induce neovascularization at the tissue interface, and it can also protect the cells from host's immune rejection, thereby circumventing the problem of limited half-life.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com