Furthermore, further analysis using the proposed fit to a short time series that includes a single season or a number of seasons, e.g. with similar circulation strains or vaccination coverage, will facilitate a focused comparison of seasonal dynamics.
The potential of 4CMenB to protect against wild-type circulation strains should be proven after implementation of the vaccine in routine schemes.
The difference between our studies and those of Argent et al. may be technical or relate to geographic variations circulation strains or difference in the definitions of patient groups [ 26].
However, the negative swab samples from the children's mothers suggest the circulation of strain HCM3A in different households, followed by autologous infection during vaccination, was unlikely.
Some of the alleles in the family strains were phylogenetically distinguishable, which allowed us to demonstrate conclusively the circulation of strains and the genetic exchange between family strains and confirming the intrafamilial dissemination of H. pylori.
Detailed phylogenetic analysis of strains belonging to a few prevalent serotypes showed that NP-AFP is associated with circulation of strains belonging to different genogroups and subgenogroups of a serotype in widely separated geographic regions of the country.
If immunization with a MenB vaccine were to influence nasopharyngeal carriage, a mass immunization campaign of adolescents and young adults, the age of peak nasopharyngeal carriage, may reduce circulation of strains covered by the vaccine leading to reduced rates of disease (i.e., herd immunity).
Surveillance studies performed in isolates from avian and environmental samples, and from human cases in the Guangdong province, showed sustained co-circulation of strains from the Eastern and Southern clusters in some areas [ 10].
We also did not consider the impact of co-circulating seasonal influenza strains, although recent data suggest that reduced circulation of seasonal strains may be observed during a pandemic situation [46], [47].
Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between the host response and emergence of new variant strains and the dynamics of strain circulation within populations both locally and globally.
