Last month, the Tehran chief prosecutor banned all high-circulation media in the capital from publishing news items about Khatami, who had previously backed the gatherings of several reformist political groupings.
Because advertising rates are tied to circulation, the media companies dealing with the disclosure of inflated figures have had to make it a priority to rebuild the confidence of advertisers.
Especially in light of declining reader circulation, print media needs to continue to evolve and use emerging technology to benefit reporting.
British unions, meanwhile, are calling for a boycott of BMW cars, and anti-German sentiment is filling the mass-circulation news media.
The institution of monarchy is often viewed as outmoded and undemocratic, a dying tradition trapped between the circulation-hungry media and the tendency of its younger members to behave in ways that make them dubious moral role models.
Gruber says the advent of mass-circulation print media in the 18th Century posed a challenge.
The result: circulation is plummeting, media outlets are closing, and many media owners are no longer able to pay back bank loans.
The course reveals the assumptions about reality that frame representations of cultural difference and social inequality in documentary films, track the global circulation of mass media, and examines how indigenous societies have taken up media-making as a means of cultural production and politics.
According to the Alliance for Audited Media, circulation at The Globe from Monday through Friday declined 38 percent in 2013 from 2003, to 245,572 from 402,423.
