We used mutual information and transmission power as indicators of knowledge circulation between innovation actors.
The global system ensures a better knowledge circulation among innovation actors.
The model postulates that the interactions between university, industry and government maintain a knowledge infrastructure that generates knowledge of which circulation among innovation actors drives economic growth and social welfare (Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz 2001).
She won workers over by cleaning up the circulation system, supporting technological innovation and transforming the library's image.
We've uncovered countless examples of social innovation, the circulation and re-invention of new ideas, grassroots revolutions in growing and providing food, in the transformation of local energy systems, in the provision of community finance, in the organisation of social and community-based enterprise.
So, how does transmission power measures information circulation among West African innovation?
The theme of the reverse side of the bill, which went into circulation in November, is "medical innovation".
Apart from knowledge circulation that encourages healthcare service innovation, GPs will also need to translate and integrate this knowledge into their commissioning practice.
In an environment in which culture is straitjacketed and niche-marketed at warp speed, they are keeping in circulation its most precious artistic currencies: experimentation, risk taking and innovation.
If research activities exploit existing knowledge and produce new ones, knowledge circulation between the university and industry ensures its transformation into innovation.
A high level of international competition, open markets, and technology circulation encourage CTOs to look into the future and be innovation promoters.
