Once released, the particles acted as drifters embedded in the circulation flow fields and were backtracked for the pelagic period of P. nobilis larvae (end June September).
The main differences in the internal circulation flow fields for a large and a small droplet are presented.
In order to explain the significant differences in evacuated sediment ratio, the induced circulation is analyzed by measuring the flow field on two vertical planes using the ultrasonic Doppler method.
The flow field of several consecutive circulation cells is obtained applying a numerical method, which is specially adapted for this kind of flow instability.
In a previous paper (Millies, M. and Mewes, D., 1995, Calculation of circulating flows in bubble columns. Chem. Engng Sci.50, 2093 2106) a calculation method was presented, which allows the prediction of the flow field including several consecutive circulation cells.
This differs from the flow behaviour in a uniformly aerated flat bubble column, reported by Chen, Jamialahmadi and Li (Chemical Engineering Research and Development 67 (1989) 203 207), who observed an essentially symmetric flow field with two stationary circulation cells.
To prevent the vorticity from entering the solid body, we introduce a concept residual circulation in a sense that only a partial circulation of the vortex sheet is diffused into the flow field; the rest remains at the wall.
Results of numerical analysis demonstrated that the magnetic fluid does circulate around the rotaion disc as thought by the theory, indicating that vortices generated in the flow field reduce the overall flow circulation when magnetic field was highly strengthened.
The main function of artificial reefs is to alter the flow field and form upwelling or complex wake region, which can promote the circulation of water column.
The deep flow field can be calculated for most of the Mediterranean, except for the Levantine basin east of Crete, where the high noise level in the data masks the deep circulation.
