One candidate is lower climate sensitivity.A related possibility is that general-circulation climate models may be overestimating the impact of clouds (which are themselves influenced by aerosols).
The continuous rearrangement of the size and shape of ocean basins and continents over geologic time, accompanied by changes in ocean circulation and climate, had a major impact on the development of life on Earth.
That's very important, he says, for understanding how ocean circulation transmitted climate change across Earth's surface at the end of the ice age.
We acknowledge the scientific guidance of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) in promoting this work, coordinated in the framework of WCRP Grand Challenge on Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity.
Thus, although room remains for improvement, the spatially varying DM derived in the present study may facilitate global circulation and climate modeling.
They used an atmospheric GCM (AGCM) with prescribed insolation and sea surface temperature (SST) and compared simulation results with and without mountains to explore the effects of topography on global atmospheric circulation and climate.
Kataoka (2007) estimated seasonal variations in OBP by using the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO; http://www.ecco-group.org) model and concluded that the amplitudes are insufficient for triggering earthquakes.
OBP variations of an ocean-data assimilation product, the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean run at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (ECCO-JPL) (e.g., Fukumori et al., 1999; Wunsch et al., 2009), are superimposed on the observations in Fig. 2(a).
We introduce the roles of the ITF in ocean circulation and climate in the Indo-Pacific Ocean; and the sources of the ITF water (and their fate) in the Indian Ocean; after reviewing the interannual variations of the ITF volume transport, we then discuss the centennial trend of the ITF under the influence of the global warming.
