In fact, hospital officials routinely circulated fund-raising invitations for their political patrons, like one for a $1,000-a-ticket event at a Yankees game in September, at which Senator Sampson was the host.
Donors, regulators concluded, contributed money to an out-of-state organization, which circulated funds through a series of other groups and eventually back to California.
Both of these two directions of capital chains that save capital and make use of present circulating funds are dependent on the social time mechanism.
"Senator Brown is a free-market advocate who believes that our strength as a nation comes from the ingenuity and hard work of its people," read an invitation to a fund-raiser at a New Canaan, Conn., country club last week, that circulated among hedge fund and private equity executives.
An alarming report on Bank of America, compiled by Branch Hill Capital, a San Francisco hedge fund, circulated widely on Wall Street on Thursday.
The renminbi has recovered in the last few days of trading and is now virtually unchanged against the dollar this year — evidently as word has circulated among top fund managers that more foreign money could soon begin washing ashore in China.
It's supporting its members by circulating and funding road safety and accident data research, enacting motor vehicle legislation to regulate vehicle safety standards, and, most recently, discussing directives on infrastructure safety, says Fred Wegman, managing director of the Institute for Road Safety Research in the Netherlands.
A flier was circulated advertising a fund-raiser at an Upper East Side bar for families of firefighters and police officers.
There's a joke circulating among Denver fund types: Will Marsico's funds become larger than the Janus funds on Marsico's way up, or on Janus' way down?
The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, which circulated a petition in 2009 calling for the Justice Department to bring federal charges in the case, welcomed the trial.
In recent weeks, the fund had circulated a confidential study of Greece's long-term debt prospects that argued that reduced growth and the inability of Greece to adopt needed reforms could swell the country's debt to 178 percent of G.D.P. by 2015 and still leave it at 160 percent of G.D.P. by 2020.
