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There are no antagonistic muscles to counteract the contracted circular muscles.
Thus, the longitudinal and circular muscles are antagonistic, and shortening of either extends the other.
Contraction of the circular muscles pulls out relaxed longitudinal muscles, and the body lengthens.
After the circular muscles relax, the distorted mesoglea fibres pull them out to expand the bell.
When the worm begins a forward movement, circular muscles at the anterior end contract, extending the head forward.
Water is drawn into the mantle cavity by the relaxation of the circular muscles and resultant expansion of the mantle.
The circular muscles lie outside a substantial layer of skeletal mesoglea fibrils; longitudinal muscles are internal to the layer.
Each segment is alternately elongated (by contraction of its circular muscles) and shortened (by contraction of its longitudinal muscles).
In at least some medusae, the circular muscles, which do most of the work of swimming, are striated.
When the posterior sucker attaches to a surface, the circular muscles contract, beginning at the posterior end.
Contraction of circular muscles squeezes the subumbrellar space, forcing out contained water and causing the medusa to move by jet propulsion.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com