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Third, the fact that much migration within the EU will be temporary and circular means we need to rethink integration policies, which are currently geared too heavily towards people coming to settle for the long-term.
To compare distributions across experiments, the circular means
Initial direction was defined as the direction after a movement duration of 200 ms. All directional variables used for further analyses were expressed relative to target directions, so that normal averaging procedures rather than circular means could be used.
The apparently linear relationships between the circular means in area 7a and DP across the 33 experiments (Fig. 12C,D) were compared using the circular correlation coefficient ([24]; chapter 9).
To determine if the tuning of each area remained constant in time across experiments, the Rayleigh test for uniformity was applied to the set of circular means
One possibility for the variation in the distribution of circular means
Similar(52)
From the processed data, circular domain features such as circular mean, circular variance, circular skewness and circular kurtosis are calculated and monitored.
Phase similarity is calculated as the angular difference between a single trial phase at a given time and frequency (here: shortly after S1 in the theta frequency range) and the circular mean phase angle across trials.
Encounters were distributed significantly differently from a uniform distribution over the seasonal cycle in all years at all sites (Rayleigh test: P < 0.01) with most encounters occurring during summer months (circular mean vector during summer; Table 2).
At these two sites, encounters most often occurred during daytime in summer and during night-time in autumn and early winter (circular mean vector during day and night respectively, see Table S3 in Supplementary Material for detailed information).
In addition to anisotropy depth estimation, some of the subroutines in AnisDep can be used for other applications such as computing circular mean and SD of the observed fast directions, and for computing the coordinates of ray-piercing points.
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