Secondly, the diameter of nanosized Fe3O4 (100 nm) is much smaller than the microsized CIP (1 μm).
In Forel's study of NMBAs in ARDS [8], moreover, 2 of 36 patients developed CIP: 1 who received cisatracurium and the other who did not.
Effectiveness of reference CIP (1% NaOH at 65 °C for 10 min – water rinse – 1% HNO3 at 65 °C for 10 min – water rinse) and optimized CIP was assessed against 24 h-old biofilm.
This suggests that the association between cytoplasmic p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 and HER-2 positivity is stronger than for nuclear p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1.
The relationship between HER-2 and the subcellular localisation of p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 was analysed using the Mann Witney U test, with the p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 IDS used as a continuous variable.
These results suggest that HER-2-positive tumours showed an increase in cytoplasmic p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 of 50 IDS units, compared with a decrease of 5 IDS units for nuclear p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1.
In vitro, active phosphorylated Akt binds p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 and phosphorylates threonine 145 in the nuclear localisation signal to produce cytoplasmic p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1[ 21[.
This implies that the relationship between HER-2 and the subcellular localisation of p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 is not exclusive in vitro and in vivo, but reflects a preferential cytoplasmic localisation of p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1.
Subcellular localisation of p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1 may have relevance underlying mechanisms of HER-2 drug resistance, with the potential for cytoplasmic p21 WAF 1/ CIP 1-expressing breast tumours to have increased chemoresistance or hormone resistance.
