Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(2)
In brief, as tar yields decrease below the 5 6 mg per cigarette range, the tar-to-nicotine ratio (TNR) decreases rapidly in a non-linear fashion.
Median score was 3. In terms of duration, more than half the subjects (52%) have smoked for over 20 years, with a mean age of 16.5 years for the first cigarette (range: 5-50 years; median: 16 years).
Similar(58)
For 13 cigarette experiments, the mean PM2.5 personal exposure of the nonsmoker seated 0.5 m from the smoker during a 5-min cigarette ranged from 15 to 153 microg/m3.
Coefficients of variation of total particle counts per cigarette ranged from 5%to92%2% (mean 22%) for different channels.
Since tar levels in Canadian benchmark cigarettes range from 0.7 to 15 mg/cigarette [Health Canada, 2011], the tar values for the brands examined here indicate that all three would be considered high tar brands.
The price for a pack of cigarettes ranges from about $5.25 to $6.50.
The amount of nicotine in an average pack of 20 cigarettes ranges from 10mg-32mg.
Some reports have used conversion factors between 0.6 and 0.9 g per cigarette, 5 13 22 24 and according to the Pricing Policy And Control of Tobacco in Europe (PPACTE) project in 2010, the median weight of RYO cigarettes ranged between 0.48 and 1.15 g.
In high-income countries, estimates of price elasticity of cigarette demand range from −0.25 to −0.50, while estimates from low-income and middle-income countries range from −0.50 to −1.00.
Smuggling has increased, according to the Government Accountability Office, as the profit from a smuggled carton of cigarette can range as high as $13.
An analysis of the 2008 2011 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 15 countries found China ranked the 3rd in both affordability and wideness of cigarette price range [ 34 ].
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com