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Ammonia and other alkaline substances have been postulated to be important in cigarette design.
Previous research has shown that long or slim cigarette design can mitigate perception of harmfulness.
This trend has been attributed to changes in cigarette design which may result in deeper inhalation as smokers compensate for lower levels of nicotine.
The National Cancer Institute found that changes in cigarette design reduced the amount of tar and nicotine measured by smoking machines using the Cambridge Filter Method.
Taking these cigarette design features into account and adding a limited amount of quantitative mainstream smoke composition information, it is shown that, within the boundaries of the considered cigarette design parameters, the in vitro toxicological response can be effectively predicted.
A series of internal documents from the late 1970s and early 1980s shows that BAT at least thought about applying this knowledge to cigarette design.
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"We've been able to measure lower-ignition propensity in these banded cigarette designs," he said.
In 2006, new cigarette designs were introduced to ensure compliance with the Canadian Low Ignition Propensity (LIP) regulations.
It has been argued that the current ISO standard regime provides machine yields that are somewhat low for certain cigarette designs compared to human intake.
These strategies include, for example, the refining of alternative cigarette designs that reduce the amount of hazardous chemicals in the mainstream smoke by introducing modified filters, and/or reducing the amount of biologically significant ingredients in tobacco-burning cigarettes.
To qualify as fire-safe, cigarettes must meet a preset testing standard benchmarked to ASTM E2187, which is a "test method [that] enables comparison of the relative ignition strength of different cigarette designs" (ASTM International 2013).
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