Despite the many hurdles, IL-18 has been shown to play a central role in CIA [ 1, 50, 69, 70].
A total of 186 CIA patients (8.0 g dl 1⩽ haemoglobin ⩽10.0 g dl 1) with lung or gynaecological cancer were randomised to receive EPO 36 000 IU or placebo weekly for 12 weeks.
We and others have previously demonstrated that IFN-γ R) KO mice show an accelerated and more severe from of arthritis than their wild-type counterparts, indicating that endogenous IFN-γ acts as a protective factor in CIA [ 20, 21, 24, 25].
@LeslieFremar @oilandsalt @drewbarrymore @camerondiaz @gucciwestman @ladyfredriksz @LonaVigi #CIA #GT2014".
It is interesting to note that APO866 has been previously reported to have anti-angiogenic activity in vivo in a murine model of renal cell carcinoma at the same dose efficient in our CIA experiments[44].
We identified a novel gene named SPACIA1/SAAL1 (synoviocyte proliferation-associated in CIA 1/serum amyloid A-like 1 that was associated with aberrant proliferation of synovial fibroblasts.
It has been reported that IL-17B and IL-17C can induce joint inflammation in CIA 5. Furthermore, IL-17C, E and F are induced by IL-15 in joint mononuclear cells from patients with RA, and IL-17C has been shown to be increased in psoriatic skin 11, 12.
Blocking of IL-18 was also tested in CIA [ 1, 51- 53].
This is found in CIA [ 52, 53], KRN arthritis [ 32], SKG arthritis [ 18] and spontaneous arthritis in IL-1ra-/ mice [ 24, 25, 54].
Many studies have reported that administration of tamoxifen following chemotherapy increases CIA [ 26, 27], however, the IBCSG trial, 13-93, founo no statistically significant difference in the rate of CIA between patients that received tamoxifen or not [ 28].
