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Church courts did not exist.
The law of trusts and deceit resembled the breach of faith of the church courts.
In 18th-century England the Court of Chancery administered equity, and the church courts handled the probate of wills.
Since the church courts did not inflict the death penalty, this was no small matter.
The jurisdiction of the church courts over the laity ended in 1857, when secular divorce and probate courts were set up.
And many are pressing for harsher penalties from church courts in addition to punishments meted out by civil authorities.
Early on, reformers worried that Rome would insist on full trials in church courts before a priest could be removed from ministry or defrocked.
This led to centuries of rivalry over jurisdiction, especially since appeals from church courts, before the Reformation, could be taken to Rome.
Canon law was applied in the English church courts, but the revived Roman law was less influential in England than elsewhere, despite Norman dominance in government.
Maitland then sponsored the "Golden Act" (1592), which sanctioned the Presbyterian hierarchy of church courts; he never recovered his former power.
The book remains valuable for its information on the judicial practice of the medieval church courts, especially of the Roman curia.
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