The results presented herein confirm these earlier studies by reporting significantly higher leptin levels in women with higher phobic anxiety scores and may represent an adaptive response to chronic stress exposure, potentially resulting in chronically increased sympathetic nervous system activation in these subjects.
Thus, we arrive at the central hypothesis of the present paper: chronic D2 receptor blockade by antipsychotics abolishes peripheral dopaminergic modulation, resulting in chronically increased sympathetic tone, in turn leading to impaired control of glucose and lipid metabolism, chronic increase in blood pressure, and increased propensity for cardiac arrhythmias (Fig. 1).
Since chronic HIF activity led to age-dependent photoreceptor degeneration in mice, we and others hypothesize that chronically increased HIF activity in aged human retinas may be involved in AMD pathogenesis in at least some patients [4, 13].
Chronically increased dietary lipid supply often leads to excess lipid accumulation in the heart, which is linked to a variety of maladaptive phenomena, such as insulin resistance, cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction.
Study Design: Two hundred women diagnosed with genuine stress incontinence, complicated by recurrence, intrinsic sphincter deficiency, or chronically increased intraabdominal pressure underwent a suburethral mesh sling procedure (Mersilene; Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ).
A major goal of this project is to determine whether, in rats, a surgical intervention that eliminates muscular support that the genioglossus muscle receives from its synergists results in chronically increased genioglossus muscle tone and begin to investigate the neural basis of this adaptation.
Cortical growth is significantly and specifically greater in regions of chronically increased activity.
However, higher IAP values were found in obese patients and we have to consider that the IAP in obese patients is chronically increased.
In contrast to these findings, there are two studies reporting no effects on the soft tissue background activity with chronically increased B-glucose in tumour patients [18, 19].
