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Because 26% of individuals spontaneously clear acute infection, 29 it was assumed 74% of HCV antibody-positive individuals were chronically infected, resulting in HCV chronic prevalence estimates of 25% in Edinburgh, 50% in Melbourne, and 65% in Vancouver.
Variations in baseline HCV chronic prevalence had little effect (<10%).
Large reductions (>45%) in HCV chronic prevalence over 10 years require HCV antiviral treatment.
Figure 1 C shows the required levels of intervention scale-up necessary for halving chronic prevalence within 10 years with 50% OST and HCNSP at baseline.
At existing HCV drug costs, halving chronic prevalence would require annual treatment budgets of US $3.2 million in Edinburgh and approximately $50 million in Melbourne and Vancouver.
Combining antiviral treatment with OST with HCNSP is critical for achieving substantial reductions (>50%) in HCV chronic prevalence over 10 years.
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This would result in HCV chronic prevalences of <10% in Edinburgh, <15% in Melbourne, and <20% in Vancouver, respectively.
HCV prevalence among PWID can vary 2 3 fold within countries, with chronic prevalences of 20% in some areas up to >60% in others [ 4].
Ethnicity was not strongly associated with chronic pain prevalence, although Asians were the group with the highest chronic pain prevalence in the over-65 age group and Aboriginal Canadians had the highest prevalence in the under-65 age group.
These new tools create the possibility for local governments to respond differently to "wicked problems" facing cities, including increasing chronic disease prevalence.
This study reports chronic pain prevalence in a randomly selected sample of the adult Australian population.
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