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The child of a birth mother infected with hepatitis B (HBV) can be a chronic carrier.
"It is very important to recognize that unlike H.I.V. or hepatitis, West Nile virus is an acute infectious disease and we are unaware of any kind of chronic carrier state," Dr. Goodman said.
Although a liver biopsy was not obtained, this patient was considered a chronic carrier of HEV.
Recurrent episodes of pharyngitis which test positive for GAS may also represent a person who is a chronic carrier of GAS who is getting recurrent viral infections.
Both murine and human typhoid fever can result in a subclinical chronic carrier state [18], [21].
One lifestyle difference is that host-specific serovars often establish a chronic carrier state within their hosts, usually residing within macrophages.
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There are ~350 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B (HBV).
Chronic carriers are at risk of developing severe liver disease, including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Background: After hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 55% to 85% of patients become chronic carriers.
Chronic carriers had in their blood not only the virus, as expected, but also many stray particles made up only of the virus's outer coating.
The vaccine was created by separating out those antigens from the blood of chronic carriers and making sure no live virus remained.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com