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These mutations are associated with low biliary phospholipid levels, resulting in a high biliary cholesterol saturation index.
At the same time, the bile was also analyzed with biochemical techniques and the Cholesterol Saturation Index (CSI) was calculated.
In Richardson ground squirrels, cisapride reverses the defect in gallbladder contractility, enhances bile salt secretion and lowers cholesterol saturation [ 11].
5-HT – serotonin; CCK8 – cholecystokinin-octapeptide; CSI – cholesterol saturation index; IBS – irritable bowel syndrome; TTX – tetrodotoxin The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
Consistent with this explanation, the addition of cholestyramine, with its upregulating effects upon Cyp7A1, to gemfibrozil in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia has been shown to decrease the cholesterol saturation of bile.
Estrogen can promote the hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol that induces an increase in cholesterol saturation of bile and then increases the risk for the formation of cholesterol gallstones [ 22].
Similar(50)
These windows provide information on 14 lipoprotein subclasses and lipoprotein-particle concentrations, low-molecular-weight metabolites such as amino acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and creatinine, and detailed molecular information on serum lipids including free and esterified cholesterol, sphingomyelin, saturation degree, and n−3 fatty acids.
Colonization of the biliary tract by varying bacteria may contribute to bile cholesterol super-saturation, which is one of the risk factors in the formation of cholesterol calculus.
(LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) = Total Cholesterol –TG/5 – HDL-cholesterol).
The level of detail in Apple's Health system is extensive for a consumer product, with sixty different types of data recognized — from blood glucose, to oxygen saturation, to dietary cholesterol, to respiration rate.
Laboratory tests analyzed included estimated glomerular filtration rate, plasma parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-D), total carbon dioxide, transferrin saturation (TSAT), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), blood hemoglobin, and urine protein measurements.
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