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A recently published dodecameric cryo-EM structure of the purified GspD secretin of Vibrio cholera shows a 200 Å long complex with a periplasmic domain, an outer membrane domain and a unique extracellular cap.
Far from disappearing, cholera shows its ugly head as soon as the opportunity arises.
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The magnitude of reduction is significative of the both interlinked epidemic dynamics and transmission network; more space filling epidemics such as cholera show a smaller advantage of the maxVoI model than more long-range and less space filling epidemics such as Salmonella and H5N1 for which the food/human mobility network does not covert the whole system.
Water-borne infections: Enteric fever, viral hepatitis and cholera show variable reporting characteristics.
A mixed culture of EPEC and V. cholerae shows elevated T3SS activity compared to an EPEC pure culture.
More recent studies using streptomycin-treated adult mice and pandemic isolates of V. cholerae showed that hemolysin was the major cause of lethality in this animal model of cholera18.
Similarly the ethanolic leaf extract of S. cumini after treating V. cholerae showed fragmented DNA after 3 h of treatment (Ahsan et al. 2012).
However, a more direct estimate of divergence times for V. cholerae showed that such estimates can be 100 fold too high for closely related isolates [6] and if the same applies to E. coli we have a divergence time of about 400 years ago.
V. cholerae showed full susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (100%), while DEC and Shigella spp showed high rate of resistance to co-trimoxazole; 90.6% and 93.3% respectively.
V. cholerae showed full susceptibility to co-trimoxazole (100%), while DEC and Shigella showed high rate of resistance to co-trimoxazole; 90.6% and 93.3% respectively.
Previous analyses of single, double, triple, and quadruple qrr deletions in V. cholerae showed that the four Qrr sRNAs function redundantly to control quorum sensing (Lenz et al, 2004).
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